References

univhum

Universum Humanitarium

2499-99972713-1165

Новосибирский государственный университет

univhum-20

Research Article

Методы и методология

Возможности применения синхротронных методов анализа при изучении археологических материалов

Possibilities of Application of Synchrotronic Analysis Methods in the Study of Archaeological Materials

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6580-2811

Давыдов

Р. В.

Davydov

R. V.

Давыдов Роман Вячеславович, младший научный сотрудник, Лаборатория гуманитарных исследований Гуманитарного института, инженер, НОЦ «Новая археология» Гуманитарного института

ул. Пирогова, 1, Новосибирск, 630090

Davydov Roman V., Junior Scientist, Humanitarian research laboratory, Humanitarian Institute; engineer, engineer, Project «New Archaeology»

1 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-8327

Губар

Ю. С.

Gubar

Yu. S.

Губар Юлия Сергеевна, магистрант Гуманитарного института

ул. Пирогова, 1, Новосибирск, 630090

Gubar Yulia S., graduate student, Humanitarian Institute

1 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk 630090

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2160-6194

Занини

Ф.

Zanini

Занини Франко, PhD, старший научный сотрудник

Strada Statale 14 – 163,5 км в научном парке AREA, 34149, Басовицца, Триесте

Zanini Franco, PhD, Senior Scientist

Strada Statale 14 – km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste

Новосибирский государственный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State UniversityRussian Federation

Elettra-Sinchrotrone Trieste S.C.p.AИталияElettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.AItaly

2020

22012021

0282106

2021

Давыдов Р.В., Губар Ю.С., Занини Ф.

Davydov R.V., Gubar Y.S., Zanini F.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.universum-humanitarium.ru/jour/article/view/20

Современный уровень исследований археологических материалов требует привлечения комплекса методов, включая естественнонаучные. Среди последних особое место занимают синхротронные методы анализа вещества, которые начали применяться в археологии в начале XXI в. В настоящей статье представлен обзор синхротронных методов анализа археологических материалов, которые сочетают в себе высокую точность, многозадачность и сравнительную доступность. Рассмотрены следующие методы: синхротронная рентгеновская дифракция, рентгеновская флуоресценция, рентгеновская абсорбция идеальных структур, синхротронная томография, синхротронная инфракрасная спектрометрия, рамановская спектрометрия. Приведены описания физических основ методов. Дана оценка их преимуществ и недостатков, представлены примеры их использования при изучении различного археологического материала. Обзор выполнен на опубликованных материалах исследований синхротронного центра Elettra Synchrotron Trieste S.C.p.A. (Италия). Отдельно отмечается разница между синхротронными методами и их аналогами на базе альтернативных источников излучения. Методы синхротронного анализа в большинстве своем не являются уникальными и имеют тот же общий недостаток, что и подавляющее большинство несинхротронных методов – необходимость отбора проб, которая приводит к фрагментации артефакта. Однако использование излучения синхротрона позволяет существенно повысить точность, качество данных, ускорить процесс сбора информации, представить данные в альтернативной форме.

The modern level of research of archaeological materials requires the involvement of a set of methods, including natural sciences. Among the latter, synchrotron methods of analysis of matter occupy a special place. Thise group of metods began to be used in archeology at the beginning of the 21st century, occupy a special place. This article provides an overview of synchrotron methods for analyzing archaeological materials that combine high accuracy, multitasking, and comparative accessibility. The authors consider the following methods: synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray absorption of ideal structures, synchrotron tomography, synchrotron infrared spectrometry, Raman spectrometry. Descriptions of the physical basis of the methods are given. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods are evaluated, examples of their use in the study of archaeological material are given. The review was performed on the published research materials of the Elettra Synchrotron Trieste S.C.p.A. (Italy). The difference between the synchronous methods and their analogues based on alternative radiation sources is noted. Synchrotron analysis methods for the most part are not unique and have the same common drawback as the vast majority of non-synchrotron methods - the need for sampling, which leads to fragmentation of the artifact. However, the use of synchrotron radiation can significantly improve the accuracy, quality of data, speed up the process of collecting information, present data in an alternative form.

синхротронархеологияэлементный составмикроструктурарентгеновская дифрактометриярентгенофлуоресцентная спектроскопиярамановская спектроскопиятомография

synchrotronarchaeologyelemental compositionmicro-structureX-ray diffractometryX-ray fluorescence spectroscopyRaman spectroscopytomography

Работа реализована при поддержке НОЦ «Новая археология».

This work was supported by the Center for Science and Education “New Archaeology”

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.