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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">univhum</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Universum Humanitarium</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Universum Humanitarium</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2499-9997</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-1165</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Новосибирский государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25205/2499-9997-2025-1-34-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">univhum-77</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Источники</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Sources</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Портреты заслуженных военачальников периода правления императора Цяньлуна (1736–1795) из собрания Государственного музея изобразительных искусство им. А. С. Пушкина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Portraits of Meritorious Officials, Commissioned during the Reign of the Qianlong Emperor (1736–1795), in the Collection of Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловцова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovtsova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Александровна Соловцова, младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Solovtsova, Junior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaterna.solovtsova@arts-museum.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный музей изобразительных искусств им. А. С. Пушкина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соловцова Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соловцова Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Solovtsova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.universum-humanitarium.ru/jour/article/view/77">https://www.universum-humanitarium.ru/jour/article/view/77</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу двенадцати портретов цинских военачальников из коллекции ГМИИ им. А. С. Пушкина. Портреты, созданные художниками-иезуитами по заказу императора Цяньлуна, были призваны служить подготовительным материалом для серии портретов в виде вертикальных свитков большого формата. В статье рассматриваются художественные особенности портретов в контексте китайской и европейской живописных традиций, а также определяется ряд проблем, связанных с атрибуцией этих памятников. Творческий метод художников-европейцев, работавших при дворе цинского императора, проявляется в портретах, написанных маслом на бумаге, в большей степени, чем в официальных парадных изображениях императора и высокопоставленных чиновников кисти тех же мастеров. Заметны различия между погрудными портретами и портретами в полный рост, подтверждающие участие китайских художников в работе над свитками. Детали одеяний дают возможность не только сопоставить знаки отличий на портретах со статусом героев, но и уточнить ранг малоизвестных офицеров, чьи заслуги в кампаниях по завоеванию Джунгарии и Восточного Туркестана были отмечены императором. Поскольку двенадцать портретов впервые становятся объектами научного исследования, дальнейшее их изучение с привлечением различных письменных и изобразительных источников позволит существенно расширить знания о придворном искусстве эпохи правления императора Цяньлуна</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article provides an analysis of the twelve portraits of Qing military officials from the collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. The portraits, executed by Jesuit artists during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, were intended to serve as studies for a series of portraits in the form of large-scale hanging scrolls. The article examines the artistic features of portraits in the context of Chinese and European painting traditions, and also identifies a number of problems associated with the attribution of these images. The creative method of European artists who worked at the court of the Qing emperor is manifested in portraits painted in oil on paper to a greater extent than in the official ceremonial images of the emperor and high-ranking officials painted by the same masters. There are noticeable differences between the bust portraits and large portraits, confirming the participation of Chinese artists in the work on the hanging scrolls. The details of each hero’s attire allow scholars not only to compare the insignia in the portraits with the status of the military officials, but also to clarify the rank of little-known officers whose merits in the military campaigns against Dzungaria and East Turkestan were rewarded by the emperor. As the twelve portraits become objects of scientific research for the first time, their further study with the involvement of various written and visual sources will significantly expand the knowledge about the court art of the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>портрет</kwd><kwd>династия Цин</kwd><kwd>иезуиты</kwd><kwd>Цяньлун</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>portrait</kwd><kwd>Qing dynasty</kwd><kwd>Jesuits</kwd><kwd>Qianlong</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бобров Л. А., Худяков Ю. С. Развитие защитного вооружения у чжурчжэней и маньчжуров в периоды развитого и позднего Средневековья и раннего Нового времени // Археология Южной Сибири и Центральной Азии позднего Средневековья: Сб. ст. Новосибирск, 2003. С. 66–212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bemard H. 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