The article describes the animalistic symbolism in the names of some medieval Turkic nomadic ethnic groups, namely, the ancient Turks. The versions of the origin of the ethnonym "Turk" and its connection with the image of a wolf in medieval, Chinese sources, as well as in scientific literature are considered. Two versions of the ancient Turkic genealogical legend about the origin of the ancient Turkic tribe and its ruling aristocratic clan, preserved in the Chinese chronicle sources, were analyzed, its connection with the real history of the ancient Turks was traced and possible places of settlement of the people were given. The question of the use of "wolf " symbols in the ancient Turkic ethnocultural environment was considered. The work also pays attention to the change in the meaning of the very name "Turk" during the Middle Ages on the territory of the Eurasian Steppe Belt, when even after the departure of the ancient Turks from the historical arena, their name began to be used not only to designate representatives of this people, but also some other Turkic tribes and peoples who spoke Turkic languages. At the end of the article, the probable consequences of the process of interracial and intercultural mixing of the early Turks with the Caucasian population of Altai, the emergence of the tradition of installing "balbals", as well as changes in funeral and memorial ritual traditions in a later time among the Western and Eastern Turks in Central and Central Asia are considered. The analysis of the sources showed that, regardless of the origin of the source, according to the ancient Turkic history, the ethnonym “Turk” was always identified with the nomadic army or with bright warlike epithets attributed to it.

The article is devoted to the consideration of two belt overlays originating from the burial two mounds eight of the Maslyakha-1 burial ground, published for the first time, and the graves one of the 15 mound of the Novotroitskoe-1 necropolis. Offered a hypothetical reconstruction of both the surviving fragments of the plates and their decoration. Based on the study of the topographical context of the discovery of finds, and the absence of their additional elements in the studied complexes, the author comes to the conclusion about the possible deliberate, ritual damage to these things. The analysis of the topography of the subject clothing in burials Bolsherechenskaya cultural-historical community provides some evidence of the deliberate undoing the belt of the deceased that reflects the shape of the treatment thing during a rite of passage, which can be defined as symbolic or functional degradation. This phenomenon can be considered from the point of view of studying the forms of situational sacralization of the subject complex of clothing. Destructive manipulations made with the belt and its accessories have broad semantic connotations, and are fixed on both archaeological and ethnographic materials. The symbolism of destruction can be considered from the point of view of the «inverted world» hypothesis noted by ethnographers, according to which a broken thing, by analogy with a dead person, gets a new life in another world.

The article examines the issues of origin, symbolism and design features of the rare Karabakh carpet "Gasimushagi". The name of the carpet reflects the traditional name of the territory of the life area of the Karabakh tribes with the self-name "Gasimushagy", which means "Children / descendants of Gasim". The uniqueness of the carpet is due to its "relationship" with the famous "dragon" carpets of Karabakh. The article traces the evolution of the "Gasimushagi" carpet from "dragon" carpets of the Safavid era – to carpets of the end of the first quarter of the 20th century. The analysis of artistic and typological samples of design carpets made it possible to state its "genetic" connection with the "dragon" carpets of Karabakh, as well as late carpets from the regions of Azerbaijan – Shirvan, Kazakh, Cuba. The main motives of the carpet have undeniable parallels with the motives of Azerbaijani carpets from these regions. The typologically recognizable motif of the "Gasimushagi" carpet is the famous central medallion (rosette), from which paired "sleeves" ("Gol"), containing the motif of climbing plants with small flowers, extend up and down. The weavers of this carpet conditionally have this motif "spider". The central field of the rosette carpet has remained recognizable for over a century. The border of the “Gasimushagi” carpets has several options, which are identical to the decorative borders of not only Karabakh, but also Shirvan and Kazakh carpets.

In Turkish handicrafts, weaving has a special importance. It is known that there are weavings as a cultural element brought by Turks from Central Asia to Anatolia. Turkish weaving, which is an important product of culture and textiles, was sometimes depicted in paintings by the Renaissance and orientalist painters. The depiction of Turkish carpets in the paintings by the Renaissance and subsequently orientalist artists has become a tradition, and continued by the local and foreign painters of the Republican era and today. Mehmet Ruhi Arel, who was born in Istanbul Galata in 1880, started his interest in painting when he was studying at the Naval School. Arel, who later studied painting in Paris, is one of the important painters of the period. The article will be focused on five paintings by Mehmet Ruhi Arel and the Turkish weavings depicted in these works.

Greek mythology made the Earth a mother goddess, Geea or Gaia, the primordial deity who gave birth to all the other gods, and the concept is one of the most durable and consistent in the history of mankind, manifested in hundreds of variants, from Terra Mater of the Romans, to the mother goddesses - who personify the Earth, nature, fertility - present in the most varied cultures, spread in time and space. To think of the Earth as a superior entity, endowed with a life of its own, it is not specific only to ancient civilizations or the so-called neo-pagan cults, which are inspired by the ancient religions of nature. One of the most disturbing scientific theories on the biosphere is the one that conceives the Earth as a super-organism, capable of selfregulation, in order to ensure the right conditions life. The theory was developed by James Lovelock and Lynn Margulies in the 1970s and presented in the book Gaia: A New One perspective on life on Earth. But this is not the main subject of this paper, who has the purpose to give the readersan approach on some aspects of the Mother Godess in mythology with visual art representations.

The modern level of research of archaeological materials requires the involvement of a set of methods, including natural sciences. Among the latter, synchrotron methods of analysis of matter occupy a special place. Thise group of metods began to be used in archeology at the beginning of the 21st century, occupy a special place. This article provides an overview of synchrotron methods for analyzing archaeological materials that combine high accuracy, multitasking, and comparative accessibility. The authors consider the following methods: synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray absorption of ideal structures, synchrotron tomography, synchrotron infrared spectrometry, Raman spectrometry. Descriptions of the physical basis of the methods are given. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods are evaluated, examples of their use in the study of archaeological material are given. The review was performed on the published research materials of the Elettra Synchrotron Trieste S.C.p.A. (Italy). The difference between the synchronous methods and their analogues based on alternative radiation sources is noted. Synchrotron analysis methods for the most part are not unique and have the same common drawback as the vast majority of non-synchrotron methods - the need for sampling, which leads to fragmentation of the artifact. However, the use of synchrotron radiation can significantly improve the accuracy, quality of data, speed up the process of collecting information, present data in an alternative form.

The possibilities of applying the study’s main conclusions concerning the relationship between sovereignty of the state and sovereignty of the people are very relevant. The issues affecting the "rights to sovereignty" of individual nationalities or state parts are prevail. In this paper the concept of sovereignty is considered, a comparative description of the mechanisms for the implementation of sovereignty in the Russian Constitutions and some Asian countries are provided, and the main normative legal acts regulating the foundations of the Russia state sovereignty are designated and structured. Using the methods of scientific knowledge and the method of system analysis, it has been established that the state, from the standpoint of modern constitutional and legal science, is sovereign only if it consolidates and realizes the will of the people in practice. Sovereignty is the most important characteristic of the state power, but it should express the sovereignty and supremacy of the people as well. The system of the state power and administration should not only possess the properties of democracy, but in fact correspond to it. Sovereignty is possessed not only by the state, but also by the people, by virtue of the right to self-determination.

The article examines the phenomenon of social conflicts in the Soviet society of Western Siberia in the second half of the 1930s. In the context of the relations problems between the Soviet government and various groups of the Soviet population, the author analyzes the significance of conflicts in the political and everyday life of Soviet citizens, the dynamics, features and ways of overcoming conflict situations. Drawing on the concept of totalitarianism and modernization on the basis of the "new social history" methodology and the theory of conflict by L. Koser, using the method of content analysis, the structure of conflicts is reconstructed, the issue of their frequency and quantity in the region in 1936–1938 is being developed. A conclusion about the conflicts using by the authorities as a mobilization tool, social engineering and repression is made; the hypothesis of the partial non-control of the party-state apparatus of spontaneous conflict situations is confirmed. The scientific results obtained in the development of the problem, in the future, can be used as practical for the analysis and prediction of conflict situations in various social models, including modern ones. The main result of the work is the formation of an idea of the conflict as a policy instrument and, at the same time, as a factor of influence on it in conditions of social tension.

The article deals with the materials of archaeological monuments of the Tomsk Ob region of the end of the IV century BC – IV century AD. The materials are associated with the emergence and development of the Tomsk version of the Kulai cultural and historical community. The cultural features of this version of the Kulai cultural and historical community are described in the article. It also gives the characteristics of the features, which included the external architectural features of buildings in settlements, the planigraphy of their mutual location, and the features of fortification systems of settlements. It was found that, despite the obvious Kulai appearance, the settlements of the Tomsk Ob region have several distinguishing differences that are peculiar to this region only. The differences are especially clearly manifested at the initial stage of penetration of the Kulai people into the territory of the Tomsk Ob region. Special attention is paid to pottery. Three chronological stages of its existence are identified, based on the available data. The identified cultural and historical processes suggest that in the Tomsk Ob region all three stages took place in a single cultural space associated with the Kulai cultural and historical community, but had local differences.